On 9 September 1991, Tajikistan declared itself an independent sovereign nation as the Soviet Union was disintegrating. Within the Soviet Union, the country's modern borders were drawn when it was part of Uzbekistan as an autonomous republic before becoming a full-fledged Soviet republic in 1929. The region was later conquered by the Russian Empire and subsequently by the Soviet Union. After being ruled by the Timurid Empire and Khanate of Bukhara, the Timurid Renaissance flourished. The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, Sasanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, and Mongol Empire. The territory that now constitutes Tajikistan was previously home to several ancient cultures, including the city of Sarazm of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Islam. The traditional homelands of the Tajiks include present-day Tajikistan as well as parts of Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. It is separated narrowly from Pakistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Its capital and largest city is Dushanbe. It has an area of 143,100 km 2 (55,300 sq mi) and an estimated population of 9,749,625 people. Tajikistan ( / t ɑː ˈ dʒ iː k ɪ s t ɑː n/ ( listen), / t ə-, t æ-/ Tajik: Тоҷикистон, romanized: Tojikiston Russian: Таджикистан, romanized: Tadzhikistan), officially the Republic of Tajikistan ( Tajik: Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, romanized: Jumhurii Tojikiston), is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Russian has the status of an official language through its use as the official interethnic language as cited in the Constitution of Tajikistan.
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